China Faces ‘Close Call’ on Rate Rise After Growth Surges 11.9%
By Bloomberg News
April 16 (Bloomberg) -- China’s growth spurt in the first quarter came with a slowdown in inflation, complicating decisions on when and how to further tighten monetary policy.
The economy grew 11.9 percent from a year earlier, the biggest gain since the second quarter of 2007, the statistics bureau said in Beijing yesterday. Consumer prices rose less than economists expected, climbing 2.4 percent in March.
Within hours of the data, the government announced measures to cool the real-estate market, underscoring concern that asset bubbles may be forming after a record increase in values in March. Economists are split on the likely timing of the nation’s first rate increase since 2007, with Royal Bank of Canada predicting one in the next fortnight, while Bank of America- Merrill Lynch sees no move until the fourth quarter.
“There is still no consensus among policy makers on interest-rate hikes and it is a close call whether the central bank can win over the dovish voices,” said Wang Qian, chief China economist at JPMorgan Chase & Co. Tightening measures may continue to include loan curbs, reserve requirements for banks and industry-specific measures to cool asset prices, Wang said.
A Bloomberg News survey of 19 economists after the data yesterday showed that three expect an interest-rate increase in the next fortnight. Four say May, four predict June and eight bet on the second half of the year.
Eleven of 15 economists said that the yuan would strengthen against the dollar this quarter, meaning that China will scrap a peg in place since July 2008 to aid exporters.
Betting on Yuan
Non-deliverable yuan forwards were little changed at 6.6145 per dollar as of 8:55 p.m. in Hong Kong yesterday, suggesting the currency will gain about 3.2 percent in the next 12 months.
Speculation on Chinese currency policy intensified after U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy F. Geithner had an unscheduled meeting with Chinese Vice Premier Wang Qishan in Beijing on April 8 and delayed a report which could brand the nation a currency manipulator. In Singapore, the central bank this week announced a one-time revaluation.
China’s economic growth beat the 11.7 percent median estimate in a Bloomberg News survey of economists while inflation was below a 2.6 percent forecast and February’s 2.7 percent.
In a report, UBS AG yesterday endorsed an assessment by China’s cabinet on April 14 of the economic situation as “extremely complicated” and added that policy makers and investors need to pay attention to “the rising risk of asset bubbles and resource misallocation.”
Output Climbs
Industrial production climbed 18.1 percent in March and retail sales increased 18 percent, yesterday’s data showed. Car sales leapt 76 percent in the first quarter from a year earlier, with Mercedes-Benz (China) Ltd. reporting a doubling.
Urban fixed-asset investment increased 26.4 percent in the first quarter from a year earlier. Producer prices rose 5.9 percent in March. A separate report this week showed that property prices jumped a record 11.7 percent in March.
China’s data added to signs that Asia’s recovery is strengthening. Singapore’s economy expanded in the first quarter at the fastest pace since at least 1975, with 32.1 percent annualized growth from the previous three months, a report showed this week. The Bank of Japan raised yesterday its economic assessment for seven of the country’s nine areas. While China doesn’t release quarter-on-quarter figures, Royal Bank of Scotland estimated 14.5 percent economic growth on that basis. The median of seven economists’ estimates yesterday was 11.2 percent.
Controlling Lending
Instead of raising rates like Australia and India, China has targeted a 22 percent reduction in new loans from a record of $1.4 trillion last year and twice asked lenders to set aside more cash as reserves. The last time China’s growth accelerated to more than 11 percent, in the first quarter of 2006, the central bank raised rates within a month.
China’s cabinet on April 14 signaled caution in ending crisis policies, saying first-quarter economic growth was largely driven by stimulus policies and a comparison with low levels in 2009. After the GDP announcement, the government announced requirements for bigger home down payments and said it will study extra taxes, including on individuals’ profits from property sales.
“The case for policy tightening remains intact given the risks of China’s economy overheating,” said Brian Jackson, a Hong Kong-based strategist at Royal Bank of Canada. Yesterday’s property measures “suggest policy makers remain reluctant to use the blunt instrument of higher interest rates, but it is unlikely that extra fine-tuning will be enough to slow down the property market.”
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